🖥️ 后端技术

共 231 道题目

#1 初级 DATABASE

什么是数据库?关系型数据库和非关系型数据库的区别?

What is a database? What are the differences between relational and non-relational databases?

**What is a database? What are the differences between relational and non-relational databases?**

*考察点:数据库基础概念。*
#2 初级 DATABASE

什么是MongoDB?它的主要特点和优势是什么?

What is MongoDB? What are its main features and advantages?

**What is MongoDB? What are its main features and advantages?**

*考察点:MongoDB基础概念。*
#3 初级 DATABASE

MongoDB中的文档、集合、数据库分别是什么?

What are documents, collections, and databases in MongoDB?

**What are documents, collections, and databases in MongoDB?**

*考察点:MongoDB数据模型。*
#4 初级 DATABASE

如何在Node.js中连接MongoDB数据库?

How to connect to MongoDB database in Node.js?

**How to connect to MongoDB database in Node.js?**

*考察点:数据库连接。*
#5 初级 DATABASE

MongoDB中如何进行基本的CRUD操作?

How to perform basic CRUD operations in MongoDB?

**How to perform basic CRUD operations in MongoDB?**

*考察点:基础数据操作。*
#6 初级 DATABASE

什么是SQL?常用的SQL语句有哪些?

What is SQL? What are the commonly used SQL statements?

**What is SQL? What are the commonly used SQL statements?**

*考察点:SQL基础语法。*
#7 初级 DATABASE

数据库中的主键、外键、索引分别是什么?

What are primary keys, foreign keys, and indexes in databases?

**What are primary keys, foreign keys, and indexes in databases?**

*考察点:数据库设计基础。*
#8 初级 DATABASE

什么是数据库事务?ACID特性是什么?

What are database transactions? What are ACID properties?

**What are database transactions? What are ACID properties?**

*考察点:事务基础概念。*
#9 初级 DATABASE

如何进行数据库的备份和恢复?

How to perform database backup and recovery?

**How to perform database backup and recovery?**

*考察点:数据安全基础。*
#10 初级 DATABASE

什么是ORM?常用的Node.js ORM框架有哪些?

What is ORM? What are the commonly used Node.js ORM frameworks?

**What is ORM? What are the commonly used Node.js ORM frameworks?**

*考察点:ORM概念理解。*
#1 中级 DATABASE

MongoDB的分片机制是什么?如何实现水平扩展?

What is MongoDB's sharding mechanism? How to implement horizontal scaling?

**What is MongoDB's sharding mechanism? How to implement horizontal scaling?**

*考察点:分布式架构理解。*
#2 中级 DATABASE

如何设计高效的MongoDB数据模型?嵌入式vs引用式?

How to design efficient MongoDB data models? Embedded vs Referenced?

**How to design efficient MongoDB data models? Embedded vs Referenced?**

*考察点:数据建模策略。*
#3 中级 DATABASE

MongoDB中的聚合管道是什么?如何使用?

What is the aggregation pipeline in MongoDB? How to use it?

**What is the aggregation pipeline in MongoDB? How to use it?**

*考察点:数据聚合分析。*
#4 中级 DATABASE

如何优化MongoDB的查询性能?

How to optimize MongoDB query performance?

**How to optimize MongoDB query performance?**

*考察点:性能优化策略。*
#5 中级 DATABASE

数据库连接池是什么?为什么需要连接池?

What is a database connection pool? Why do we need connection pooling?

**What is a database connection pool? Why do we need connection pooling?**

*考察点:连接管理机制。*
#6 中级 DATABASE

如何处理数据库的并发访问和锁机制?

How to handle concurrent access and locking mechanisms in databases?

**How to handle concurrent access and locking mechanisms in databases?**

*考察点:并发控制理解。*
#7 中级 DATABASE

数据库的范式化设计原则是什么?

What are the normalization design principles for databases?

**What are the normalization design principles for databases?**

*考察点:数据库设计理论。*
#8 中级 DATABASE

如何实现数据库的读写分离?

How to implement read-write separation for databases?

**How to implement read-write separation for databases?**

*考察点:架构设计策略。*
#9 中级 DATABASE

MongoDB的复制集是什么?如何配置?

What is MongoDB replica set? How to configure it?

**What is MongoDB replica set? How to configure it?**

*考察点:高可用架构。*
#10 中级 DATABASE

如何进行数据库的性能监控和调优?

How to perform database performance monitoring and tuning?

**How to perform database performance monitoring and tuning?**

*考察点:监控调优能力。*
#1 高级 DATABASE

如何设计一个高可用、高性能的数据库架构?

How to design a highly available and high-performance database architecture?

**How to design a highly available and high-performance database architecture?**

*考察点:架构设计能力。*
#2 高级 DATABASE

数据库的分布式事务如何实现?CAP理论的应用?

How to implement distributed transactions in databases? Application of CAP theorem?

**How to implement distributed transactions in databases? Application of CAP theorem?**

*考察点:分布式系统设计。*
#3 高级 DATABASE

如何实现数据库的自动故障转移和灾备?

How to implement automatic failover and disaster recovery for databases?

**How to implement automatic failover and disaster recovery for databases?**

*考察点:容灾机制设计。*
#4 高级 DATABASE

大数据场景下的数据库选型和架构设计策略?

What are the database selection and architecture design strategies for big data scenarios?

**What are the database selection and architecture design strategies for big data scenarios?**

*考察点:大数据架构能力。*
#5 高级 DATABASE

如何实现跨数据库的数据一致性?

How to implement data consistency across databases?

**How to implement data consistency across databases?**

*考察点:一致性保证机制。*
#6 高级 DATABASE

数据库的安全防护策略有哪些?

What are the security protection strategies for databases?

**What are the security protection strategies for databases?**

*考察点:安全防护体系。*
#7 高级 DATABASE

如何设计和实现数据库的分区策略?

How to design and implement database partitioning strategies?

**How to design and implement database partitioning strategies?**

*考察点:分区设计能力。*
#8 高级 DATABASE

数据库在微服务架构中的最佳实践?

What are the best practices for databases in microservices architecture?

**What are the best practices for databases in microservices architecture?**

*考察点:微服务数据管理。*
#9 高级 DATABASE

如何处理海量数据的实时分析和OLAP?

How to handle real-time analysis and OLAP for massive data?

**How to handle real-time analysis and OLAP for massive data?**

*考察点:数据分析架构。*
#10 高级 DATABASE

数据库的云原生架构和容器化部署策略?

What are the cloud-native architecture and containerized deployment strategies for databases?

**What are the cloud-native architecture and containerized deployment strategies for databases?**

*考察点:云原生架构设计。*
#1 初级 DOCKER

什么是Docker?它解决了什么问题?

What is Docker? What problems does it solve?

**What is Docker? What problems does it solve?**

*考察点:Docker基础概念。*
#2 初级 DOCKER

Docker中的镜像、容器、仓库分别是什么?

What are images, containers, and repositories in Docker?

**What are images, containers, and repositories in Docker?**

*考察点:核心概念理解。*
#3 初级 DOCKER

如何构建一个Docker镜像?Dockerfile的基本语法?

How to build a Docker image? What is the basic syntax of Dockerfile?

**How to build a Docker image? What is the basic syntax of Dockerfile?**

*考察点:镜像构建基础。*
#4 初级 DOCKER

Docker容器与虚拟机的区别是什么?

What are the differences between Docker containers and virtual machines?

**What are the differences between Docker containers and virtual machines?**

*考察点:技术架构对比。*
#5 初级 DOCKER

如何运行和管理Docker容器?

How to run and manage Docker containers?

**How to run and manage Docker containers?**

*考察点:容器操作基础。*
#6 初级 DOCKER

Docker中的数据卷(Volume)是什么?如何使用?

What are volumes in Docker? How to use them?

**What are volumes in Docker? How to use them?**

*考察点:数据持久化。*
#7 初级 DOCKER

如何在Docker中配置网络?

How to configure networking in Docker?

**How to configure networking in Docker?**

*考察点:网络配置基础。*
#8 初级 DOCKER

什么是Docker Compose?它的作用是什么?

What is Docker Compose? What is its purpose?

**What is Docker Compose? What is its purpose?**

*考察点:多容器编排。*
#9 初级 DOCKER

如何将Node.js应用容器化部署?

How to containerize and deploy a Node.js application?

**How to containerize and deploy a Node.js application?**

*考察点:实际应用部署。*
#10 初级 DOCKER

Docker的基本命令有哪些?

What are the basic Docker commands?

**What are the basic Docker commands?**

*考察点:命令行操作。*
#1 中级 DOCKER

Docker的分层文件系统是如何工作的?

How does Docker's layered file system work?

**How does Docker's layered file system work?**

*考察点:存储机制理解。*
#2 中级 DOCKER

如何优化Docker镜像大小?最佳实践有哪些?

How to optimize Docker image size? What are the best practices?

**How to optimize Docker image size? What are the best practices?**

*考察点:镜像优化策略。*
#3 中级 DOCKER

Docker中的多阶段构建是什么?如何使用?

What is multi-stage build in Docker? How to use it?

**What is multi-stage build in Docker? How to use it?**

*考察点:高级构建技术。*
#4 中级 DOCKER

如何实现Docker容器的健康检查?

How to implement health checks for Docker containers?

**How to implement health checks for Docker containers?**

*考察点:容器监控机制。*
#5 中级 DOCKER

Docker的安全机制有哪些?如何加强容器安全?

What are Docker's security mechanisms? How to enhance container security?

**What are Docker's security mechanisms? How to enhance container security?**

*考察点:安全防护策略。*
#6 中级 DOCKER

如何使用Docker进行CI/CD流水线?

How to use Docker for CI/CD pipelines?

**How to use Docker for CI/CD pipelines?**

*考察点:工程化应用。*
#7 中级 DOCKER

Docker Swarm是什么?如何进行集群管理?

What is Docker Swarm? How to perform cluster management?

**What is Docker Swarm? How to perform cluster management?**

*考察点:集群编排。*
#8 中级 DOCKER

如何监控Docker容器的性能和资源使用?

How to monitor Docker container performance and resource usage?

**How to monitor Docker container performance and resource usage?**

*考察点:性能监控。*
#9 中级 DOCKER

Docker中的网络模式有哪些?各自的特点?

What are the network modes in Docker? What are their characteristics?

**What are the network modes in Docker? What are their characteristics?**

*考察点:网络架构理解。*
#10 中级 DOCKER

如何处理Docker容器的日志管理?

How to handle log management for Docker containers?

**How to handle log management for Docker containers?**

*考察点:日志系统设计。*
#1 高级 DOCKER

如何设计一个基于Docker的微服务架构?

How to design a microservices architecture based on Docker?

**How to design a microservices architecture based on Docker?**

*考察点:微服务架构设计。*
#2 高级 DOCKER

Docker在生产环境的部署策略和最佳实践?

What are the deployment strategies and best practices for Docker in production?

**What are the deployment strategies and best practices for Docker in production?**

*考察点:生产级部署。*
#3 高级 DOCKER

如何实现Docker容器的自动扩缩容?

How to implement automatic scaling for Docker containers?

**How to implement automatic scaling for Docker containers?**

*考察点:弹性伸缩机制。*
#4 高级 DOCKER

Kubernetes与Docker的关系?容器编排的高级策略?

What is the relationship between Kubernetes and Docker? What are advanced container orchestration strategies?

**What is the relationship between Kubernetes and Docker? What are advanced container orchestration strategies?**

*考察点:容器编排架构。*
#5 高级 DOCKER

如何处理Docker容器的故障恢复和高可用?

How to handle fault recovery and high availability for Docker containers?

**How to handle fault recovery and high availability for Docker containers?**

*考察点:容灾机制设计。*
#6 高级 DOCKER

Docker的网络插件和存储插件如何工作?

How do Docker network plugins and storage plugins work?

**How do Docker network plugins and storage plugins work?**

*考察点:插件系统理解。*
#7 高级 DOCKER

如何实现跨主机的Docker容器通信?

How to implement cross-host Docker container communication?

**How to implement cross-host Docker container communication?**

*考察点:分布式网络。*
#8 高级 DOCKER

Docker在云原生架构中的角色和优化策略?

What is Docker's role in cloud-native architecture and optimization strategies?

**What is Docker's role in cloud-native architecture and optimization strategies?**

*考察点:云原生架构。*
#9 高级 DOCKER

如何设计Docker镜像的版本管理和发布策略?

How to design version management and release strategies for Docker images?

**How to design version management and release strategies for Docker images?**

*考察点:版本管理体系。*
#10 高级 DOCKER

Docker的性能调优和资源限制策略?

What are Docker's performance tuning and resource limiting strategies?

**What are Docker's performance tuning and resource limiting strategies?**

*考察点:性能优化能力。*
#1 初级 GOLANG

什么是Go语言?它的主要特点和优势是什么?

What is Go language? What are its main features and advantages?

**What is Go language? What are its main features and advantages?**

*考察点:Go语言基础概念。*
#2 初级 GOLANG

Go语言的并发模型是什么?goroutine和channel如何使用?

What is Go's concurrency model? How to use goroutine and channel?

**What is Go's concurrency model? How to use goroutine and channel?**

*考察点:Go并发编程基础。*
#3 初级 GOLANG

Go语言的包管理和模块系统是怎样的?如何使用go mod?

What is Go's package management and module system? How to use go mod?

**What is Go's package management and module system? How to use go mod?**

*考察点:包管理和模块化。*
#4 初级 GOLANG

如何在Go中创建一个基本的HTTP服务器?

How to create a basic HTTP server in Go?

**How to create a basic HTTP server in Go?**

*考察点:HTTP服务基础。*
#5 初级 GOLANG

Go语言中如何处理JSON数据?序列化和反序列化如何实现?

How to handle JSON data in Go? How to implement serialization and deserialization?

**How to handle JSON data in Go? How to implement serialization and deserialization?**

*考察点:JSON数据处理。*
#6 初级 GOLANG

Go语言的错误处理机制是什么?如何优雅地处理错误?

What is Go's error handling mechanism? How to handle errors gracefully?

**What is Go's error handling mechanism? How to handle errors gracefully?**

*考察点:错误处理机制。*
#7 初级 GOLANG

Go语言中的接口和结构体是什么?如何定义和使用?

What are interfaces and structs in Go? How to define and use them?

**What are interfaces and structs in Go? How to define and use them?**

*考察点:接口和结构体基础。*
#8 初级 GOLANG

如何在Go中连接和操作数据库?常用的数据库驱动有哪些?

How to connect and operate databases in Go? What are the commonly used database drivers?

**How to connect and operate databases in Go? What are the commonly used database drivers?**

*考察点:数据库连接基础。*
#1 中级 GOLANG

如何在Go中设计和实现RESTful API?最佳实践有哪些?

How to design and implement RESTful APIs in Go? What are the best practices?

**How to design and implement RESTful APIs in Go? What are the best practices?**

*考察点:RESTful API设计。*
#2 中级 GOLANG

Go Web开发中的中间件是什么?如何开发和使用中间件?

What is middleware in Go web development? How to develop and use middleware?

**What is middleware in Go web development? How to develop and use middleware?**

*考察点:中间件开发和使用。*
#3 中级 GOLANG

如何在Go API中处理CORS跨域问题?有哪些解决方案?

How to handle CORS cross-origin issues in Go APIs? What are the solutions?

**How to handle CORS cross-origin issues in Go APIs? What are the solutions?**

*考察点:CORS跨域处理。*
#4 中级 GOLANG

如何在Go中实现JWT身份验证?安全注意事项有哪些?

How to implement JWT authentication in Go? What are the security considerations?

**How to implement JWT authentication in Go? What are the security considerations?**

*考察点:JWT认证实现。*
#5 中级 GOLANG

Go Web框架选择:Gin、Echo、Fiber的区别和适用场景?

**Go web framework selection: differences and use cases of Gin, Echo, Fiber?**

*考察点:Web框架选择。*
#6 中级 GOLANG

Go中如何使用ORM?GORM的基本用法和最佳实践?

How to use ORM in Go? Basic usage and best practices of GORM?

**How to use ORM in Go? Basic usage and best practices of GORM?**

*考察点:ORM使用。*
#7 中级 GOLANG

如何为Go API生成文档?版本管理策略有哪些?

How to generate documentation for Go APIs? What are the version management strategies?

**How to generate documentation for Go APIs? What are the version management strategies?**

*考察点:API文档和版本管理。*
#8 中级 GOLANG

Go应用的测试策略是什么?如何进行单元测试和集成测试?

What is the testing strategy for Go applications? How to perform unit testing and integration testing?

**What is the testing strategy for Go applications? How to perform unit testing and integration testing?**

*考察点:测试和调试策略。*
#1 高级 GOLANG

如何设计Go微服务架构?服务间通信如何实现?

How to design Go microservices architecture? How to implement inter-service communication?

**How to design Go microservices architecture? How to implement inter-service communication?**

*考察点:微服务架构设计。*
#2 高级 GOLANG

Go应用中如何实现API网关和服务治理?

How to implement API gateway and service governance in Go applications?

**How to implement API gateway and service governance in Go applications?**

*考察点:API网关和服务治理。*
#3 高级 GOLANG

Go应用的性能优化策略有哪些?如何处理高并发场景?

What are the performance optimization strategies for Go applications? How to handle high concurrency scenarios?

**What are the performance optimization strategies for Go applications? How to handle high concurrency scenarios?**

*考察点:性能优化和并发处理。*
#4 高级 GOLANG

Go应用的容器化部署和CI/CD流程如何设计?

How to design containerized deployment and CI/CD pipeline for Go applications?

**How to design containerized deployment and CI/CD pipeline for Go applications?**

*考察点:容器化部署和CI/CD。*
#5 高级 GOLANG

Go应用的监控和日志系统如何实现?

How to implement monitoring and logging systems for Go applications?

**How to implement monitoring and logging systems for Go applications?**

*考察点:监控和日志系统。*
#6 高级 GOLANG

Go应用的安全防护措施有哪些?如何防范常见安全漏洞?

What are the security protection measures for Go applications? How to prevent common security vulnerabilities?

**What are the security protection measures for Go applications? How to prevent common security vulnerabilities?**

*考察点:安全防护和漏洞防范。*
#7 高级 GOLANG

如何设计Go分布式系统?分布式锁和事务如何实现?

How to design Go distributed systems? How to implement distributed locks and transactions?

**How to design Go distributed systems? How to implement distributed locks and transactions?**

*考察点:分布式系统设计。*
#8 高级 GOLANG

Go后端服务如何与现代前端框架深度集成?最佳实践是什么?

How to deeply integrate Go backend services with modern frontend frameworks? What are the best practices?

**How to deeply integrate Go backend services with modern frontend frameworks? What are the best practices?**

*考察点:与前端框架深度集成。*
#1 初级 GRAPHQL

什么是GraphQL?它的主要特点和优势是什么?

What is GraphQL? What are its main features and advantages?

**What is GraphQL? What are its main features and advantages?**

*考察点:GraphQL基础概念。*
#2 初级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL的Schema是什么?如何定义类型系统?

What is GraphQL Schema? How to define the type system?

**What is GraphQL Schema? How to define the type system?**

*考察点:Schema定义和类型系统。*
#3 初级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL中的Query、Mutation、Subscription分别是什么?

What are Query, Mutation, and Subscription in GraphQL?

**What are Query, Mutation, and Subscription in GraphQL?**

*考察点:基础操作类型。*
#4 初级 GRAPHQL

什么是Resolver函数?如何实现数据解析?

What are Resolver functions? How to implement data resolution?

**What are Resolver functions? How to implement data resolution?**

*考察点:Resolver实现。*
#5 初级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL与REST API有什么区别?各自的优缺点是什么?

What are the differences between GraphQL and REST API? What are their pros and cons?

**What are the differences between GraphQL and REST API? What are their pros and cons?**

*考察点:与REST API对比。*
#6 初级 GRAPHQL

如何在前端使用GraphQL客户端?常用工具有哪些?

How to use GraphQL clients in frontend? What are the commonly used tools?

**How to use GraphQL clients in frontend? What are the commonly used tools?**

*考察点:客户端基础使用。*
#7 初级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL中如何处理错误?错误处理的最佳实践?

How to handle errors in GraphQL? What are the best practices for error handling?

**How to handle errors in GraphQL? What are the best practices for error handling?**

*考察点:错误处理机制。*
#8 初级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL如何进行基本的数据获取?查询语法是怎样的?

How does GraphQL perform basic data fetching? What is the query syntax?

**How does GraphQL perform basic data fetching? What is the query syntax?**

*考察点:基本数据获取。*
#1 中级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL Schema设计的最佳实践有哪些?如何避免常见陷阱?

What are the best practices for GraphQL Schema design? How to avoid common pitfalls?

**What are the best practices for GraphQL Schema design? How to avoid common pitfalls?**

*考察点:Schema设计最佳实践。*
#2 中级 GRAPHQL

如何实现复杂的GraphQL查询和数据关联?

How to implement complex GraphQL queries and data associations?

**How to implement complex GraphQL queries and data associations?**

*考察点:复杂查询和数据关联。*
#3 中级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL中如何实现分页和数据过滤?

How to implement pagination and data filtering in GraphQL?

**How to implement pagination and data filtering in GraphQL?**

*考察点:分页和过滤实现。*
#4 中级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL的缓存策略有哪些?如何优化查询性能?

What are the caching strategies for GraphQL? How to optimize query performance?

**What are the caching strategies for GraphQL? How to optimize query performance?**

*考察点:缓存策略和性能优化。*
#5 中级 GRAPHQL

如何在GraphQL中实现认证和授权机制?

How to implement authentication and authorization mechanisms in GraphQL?

**How to implement authentication and authorization mechanisms in GraphQL?**

*考察点:认证和授权机制。*
#6 中级 GRAPHQL

如何将GraphQL与React/Vue等前端框架集成?

How to integrate GraphQL with frontend frameworks like React/Vue?

**How to integrate GraphQL with frontend frameworks like React/Vue?**

*考察点:前端框架集成。*
#7 中级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL订阅(Subscription)如何实现实时数据更新?

How do GraphQL Subscriptions implement real-time data updates?

**How do GraphQL Subscriptions implement real-time data updates?**

*考察点:订阅和实时数据。*
#8 中级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL开发工具链有哪些?如何搭建开发环境?

What are the GraphQL development tools? How to set up the development environment?

**What are the GraphQL development tools? How to set up the development environment?**

*考察点:工具链和开发环境。*
#1 高级 GRAPHQL

什么是GraphQL联邦(Federation)?如何设计联邦架构?

What is GraphQL Federation? How to design federated architecture?

**What is GraphQL Federation? How to design federated architecture?**

*考察点:联邦GraphQL架构。*
#2 高级 GRAPHQL

如何处理复杂业务场景下的GraphQL架构设计?

How to handle GraphQL architecture design in complex business scenarios?

**How to handle GraphQL architecture design in complex business scenarios?**

*考察点:复杂业务场景设计。*
#3 高级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL应用的性能监控和分析如何实现?

How to implement performance monitoring and analysis for GraphQL applications?

**How to implement performance monitoring and analysis for GraphQL applications?**

*考察点:性能监控和分析。*
#4 高级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL的安全防护措施有哪些?如何限制查询深度和复杂度?

What are the security protection measures for GraphQL? How to limit query depth and complexity?

**What are the security protection measures for GraphQL? How to limit query depth and complexity?**

*考察点:安全防护和查询限制。*
#5 高级 GRAPHQL

如何设计大规模GraphQL应用的架构?

How to design architecture for large-scale GraphQL applications?

**How to design architecture for large-scale GraphQL applications?**

*考察点:大规模应用架构。*
#6 高级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL自定义指令和中间件如何开发?

How to develop GraphQL custom directives and middleware?

**How to develop GraphQL custom directives and middleware?**

*考察点:自定义指令和中间件。*
#7 高级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL如何与微服务架构集成?服务拆分策略是什么?

How does GraphQL integrate with microservices architecture? What are the service decomposition strategies?

**How does GraphQL integrate with microservices architecture? What are the service decomposition strategies?**

*考察点:微服务集成。*
#8 高级 GRAPHQL

GraphQL在生产环境中的优化策略和部署考虑?

What are the optimization strategies and deployment considerations for GraphQL in production?

**What are the optimization strategies and deployment considerations for GraphQL in production?**

*考察点:生产环境优化策略。*
#1 初级 JAVA

Java语言的主要特性是什么?面向对象编程的核心概念有哪些?

What are the main features of Java language? What are the core concepts of object-oriented programming?

**What are the main features of Java language? What are the core concepts of object-oriented programming?**

*考察点:Java语言基础和面向对象概念。*
#2 初级 JAVA

Java集合框架包含哪些核心接口?List、Set、Map的区别和使用场景?

What are the core interfaces in Java Collections Framework? What are the differences and use cases of List, Set, and Map?

**What are the core interfaces in Java Collections Framework? What are the differences and use cases of List, Set, and Map?**

*考察点:集合框架和常用数据结构。*
#3 初级 JAVA

Java中的异常处理机制是什么?多线程编程的基础概念有哪些?

What is the exception handling mechanism in Java? What are the basic concepts of multithreading programming?

**What is the exception handling mechanism in Java? What are the basic concepts of multithreading programming?**

*考察点:异常处理和多线程基础。*
#4 初级 JAVA

什么是Spring框架?依赖注入(DI)和控制反转(IoC)的概念是什么?

What is the Spring Framework? What are the concepts of Dependency Injection (DI) and Inversion of Control (IoC)?

**What is the Spring Framework? What are the concepts of Dependency Injection (DI) and Inversion of Control (IoC)?**

*考察点:Spring核心概念和依赖注入。*
#5 初级 JAVA

Spring Boot有什么优势?自动配置机制是如何工作的?

What are the advantages of Spring Boot? How does the auto-configuration mechanism work?

**What are the advantages of Spring Boot? How does the auto-configuration mechanism work?**

*考察点:Spring Boot基础和自动配置。*
#6 初级 JAVA

什么是RESTful API?如何在Java中创建基本的REST接口?

What is RESTful API? How to create basic REST interfaces in Java?

**What is RESTful API? How to create basic REST interfaces in Java?**

*考察点:RESTful API开发基础。*
#7 初级 JAVA

Java中如何连接数据库?JDBC的基本使用方法是什么?

How to connect to databases in Java? What are the basic usage methods of JDBC?

**How to connect to databases in Java? What are the basic usage methods of JDBC?**

*考察点:数据库连接和JDBC基础。*
#8 初级 JAVA

Maven和Gradle的作用是什么?Java项目的依赖管理如何实现?

What are the roles of Maven and Gradle? How to implement dependency management in Java projects?

**What are the roles of Maven and Gradle? How to implement dependency management in Java projects?**

*考察点:项目管理工具基础。*
#1 中级 JAVA

Spring MVC的架构模式是什么?请求处理流程是怎样的?

What is the architectural pattern of Spring MVC? What is the request processing flow?

**What is the architectural pattern of Spring MVC? What is the request processing flow?**

*考察点:Spring MVC架构和请求处理流程。*
#2 中级 JAVA

Spring Boot Web开发中如何进行配置管理?application.properties和application.yml的使用?

How to manage configurations in Spring Boot Web development? Usage of application.properties and application.yml?

**How to manage configurations in Spring Boot Web development? Usage of application.properties and application.yml?**

*考察点:Spring Boot Web开发和配置管理。*
#3 中级 JAVA

Spring Data JPA是什么?如何进行数据库实体映射和查询操作?

What is Spring Data JPA? How to perform database entity mapping and query operations?

**What is Spring Data JPA? How to perform database entity mapping and query operations?**

*考察点:Spring Data JPA和数据库操作。*
#4 中级 JAVA

Spring Security如何实现认证和授权?JWT在Spring应用中的使用?

How does Spring Security implement authentication and authorization? Usage of JWT in Spring applications?

**How does Spring Security implement authentication and authorization? Usage of JWT in Spring applications?**

*考察点:Spring Security安全框架应用。*
#5 中级 JAVA

RESTful API设计的最佳实践有哪些?如何处理版本控制和错误响应?

What are the best practices for RESTful API design? How to handle version control and error responses?

**What are the best practices for RESTful API design? How to handle version control and error responses?**

*考察点:RESTful API设计和最佳实践。*
#6 中级 JAVA

Java中的事务管理是什么?@Transactional注解的使用和数据一致性保证?

What is transaction management in Java? Usage of @Transactional annotation and data consistency guarantee?

**What is transaction management in Java? Usage of @Transactional annotation and data consistency guarantee?**

*考察点:事务管理和数据一致性。*
#7 中级 JAVA

如何在Spring应用中集成Redis?缓存策略的设计和实现?

How to integrate Redis in Spring applications? Design and implementation of caching strategies?

**How to integrate Redis in Spring applications? Design and implementation of caching strategies?**

*考察点:缓存策略和Redis集成。*
#8 中级 JAVA

Java应用的测试策略是什么?JUnit和Mockito的使用方法?

What is the testing strategy for Java applications? How to use JUnit and Mockito?

**What is the testing strategy for Java applications? How to use JUnit and Mockito?**

*考察点:单元测试和集成测试。*
#1 高级 JAVA

Spring Cloud微服务架构的核心组件有哪些?如何设计和实现微服务?

What are the core components of Spring Cloud microservices architecture? How to design and implement microservices?

**What are the core components of Spring Cloud microservices architecture? How to design and implement microservices?**

*考察点:Spring Cloud微服务架构设计。*
#2 高级 JAVA

分布式系统的挑战有哪些?服务发现、负载均衡、熔断器如何实现?

What are the challenges of distributed systems? How to implement service discovery, load balancing, and circuit breakers?

**What are the challenges of distributed systems? How to implement service discovery, load balancing, and circuit breakers?**

*考察点:分布式系统和服务治理。*
#3 高级 JAVA

JVM的内存模型是什么?如何进行性能调优和监控?

What is the JVM memory model? How to perform performance tuning and monitoring?

**What is the JVM memory model? How to perform performance tuning and monitoring?**

*考察点:JVM性能调优和监控。*
#4 高级 JAVA

如何设计高并发和高可用的Java应用架构?线程池和异步处理的最佳实践?

How to design high-concurrency and highly available Java application architecture? Best practices for thread pools and asynchronous processing?

**How to design high-concurrency and highly available Java application architecture? Best practices for thread pools and asynchronous processing?**

*考察点:高并发和高可用架构设计。*
#5 高级 JAVA

消息队列在Java应用中的作用?如何实现异步处理和系统解耦?

What is the role of message queues in Java applications? How to implement asynchronous processing and system decoupling?

**What is the role of message queues in Java applications? How to implement asynchronous processing and system decoupling?**

*考察点:消息队列和异步处理。*
#6 高级 JAVA

Java应用的Docker容器化部署如何实现?CI/CD流程的设计和实施?

How to implement Docker containerized deployment for Java applications? Design and implementation of CI/CD pipelines?

**How to implement Docker containerized deployment for Java applications? Design and implementation of CI/CD pipelines?**

*考察点:Docker容器化和CI/CD部署。*
#7 高级 JAVA

Java应用的监控体系如何构建?日志管理和性能指标收集的策略?

How to build monitoring systems for Java applications? Strategies for log management and performance metrics collection?

**How to build monitoring systems for Java applications? Strategies for log management and performance metrics collection?**

*考察点:系统监控和日志管理。*
#8 高级 JAVA

企业级Java应用的安全防护措施有哪些?性能优化的综合策略?

What are the security protection measures for enterprise Java applications? Comprehensive strategies for performance optimization?

**What are the security protection measures for enterprise Java applications? Comprehensive strategies for performance optimization?**

*考察点:企业级安全和性能优化。*
#1 初级 NODEJS

什么是Node.js?它的主要特点和优势是什么?

What is Node.js? What are its main features and advantages?

**What is Node.js? What are its main features and advantages?**

*考察点:Node.js基础概念。*
#2 初级 NODEJS

Node.js的事件循环机制是怎样的?

How does the event loop mechanism work in Node.js?

**How does the event loop mechanism work in Node.js?**

*考察点:事件循环理解。*
#3 初级 NODEJS

什么是npm?如何使用npm管理项目依赖?

What is npm? How to use npm to manage project dependencies?

**What is npm? How to use npm to manage project dependencies?**

*考察点:包管理基础。*
#4 初级 NODEJS

Node.js中的模块系统是怎样的?CommonJS与ES Module的区别?

What is the module system in Node.js? What are the differences between CommonJS and ES Module?

**What is the module system in Node.js? What are the differences between CommonJS and ES Module?**

*考察点:模块系统理解。*
#5 初级 NODEJS

如何在Node.js中处理文件操作?

How to handle file operations in Node.js?

**How to handle file operations in Node.js?**

*考察点:文件系统操作。*
#6 初级 NODEJS

Node.js中如何创建HTTP服务器?

How to create an HTTP server in Node.js?

**How to create an HTTP server in Node.js?**

*考察点:HTTP服务基础。*
#7 初级 NODEJS

什么是中间件?在Express中如何使用?

What is middleware? How to use it in Express?

**What is middleware? How to use it in Express?**

*考察点:中间件概念。*
#8 初级 NODEJS

Node.js中如何处理异步操作?回调、Promise、async/await的区别?

How to handle asynchronous operations in Node.js? What are the differences between callbacks, Promises, and async/await?

**How to handle asynchronous operations in Node.js? What are the differences between callbacks, Promises, and async/await?**

*考察点:异步编程。*
#9 初级 NODEJS

如何在Node.js中进行错误处理?

How to handle errors in Node.js?

**How to handle errors in Node.js?**

*考察点:错误处理机制。*
#10 初级 NODEJS

Node.js中的Buffer是什么?如何使用?

What is Buffer in Node.js? How to use it?

**What is Buffer in Node.js? How to use it?**

*考察点:Buffer数据处理。*
#1 中级 NODEJS

Node.js的集群模式是什么?如何实现负载均衡?

What is cluster mode in Node.js? How to implement load balancing?

**What is cluster mode in Node.js? How to implement load balancing?**

*考察点:集群架构理解。*
#2 中级 NODEJS

如何在Node.js中连接和操作数据库?

How to connect and operate databases in Node.js?

**How to connect and operate databases in Node.js?**

*考察点:数据库集成。*
#3 中级 NODEJS

Node.js中的流(Stream)是什么?有哪些类型?

What are streams in Node.js? What types are there?

**What are streams in Node.js? What types are there?**

*考察点:流处理机制。*
#4 中级 NODEJS

如何实现Node.js应用的身份验证和授权?

How to implement authentication and authorization in Node.js applications?

**How to implement authentication and authorization in Node.js applications?**

*考察点:安全认证机制。*
#5 中级 NODEJS

Node.js中如何处理跨域问题?

How to handle CORS issues in Node.js?

**How to handle CORS issues in Node.js?**

*考察点:跨域处理。*
#6 中级 NODEJS

如何优化Node.js应用的性能?

How to optimize the performance of Node.js applications?

**How to optimize the performance of Node.js applications?**

*考察点:性能优化策略。*
#7 中级 NODEJS

Node.js中如何实现缓存机制?

How to implement caching mechanisms in Node.js?

**How to implement caching mechanisms in Node.js?**

*考察点:缓存策略设计。*
#8 中级 NODEJS

如何在Node.js中实现WebSocket通信?

How to implement WebSocket communication in Node.js?

**How to implement WebSocket communication in Node.js?**

*考察点:实时通信实现。*
#9 中级 NODEJS

Node.js的内存管理机制是怎样的?如何避免内存泄漏?

How does memory management work in Node.js? How to avoid memory leaks?

**How does memory management work in Node.js? How to avoid memory leaks?**

*考察点:内存管理。*
#10 中级 NODEJS

如何在Node.js中实现定时任务和调度?

How to implement scheduled tasks and job scheduling in Node.js?

**How to implement scheduled tasks and job scheduling in Node.js?**

*考察点:任务调度机制。*
#1 高级 NODEJS

如何设计一个高可用的Node.js微服务架构?

How to design a highly available Node.js microservices architecture?

**How to design a highly available Node.js microservices architecture?**

*考察点:微服务架构设计。*
#2 高级 NODEJS

Node.js应用的监控和日志系统如何实现?

How to implement monitoring and logging systems for Node.js applications?

**How to implement monitoring and logging systems for Node.js applications?**

*考察点:监控体系设计。*
#3 高级 NODEJS

如何实现Node.js应用的容灾和故障恢复?

How to implement disaster recovery and fault tolerance for Node.js applications?

**How to implement disaster recovery and fault tolerance for Node.js applications?**

*考察点:容灾机制设计。*
#4 高级 NODEJS

Node.js中如何实现分布式锁和分布式事务?

How to implement distributed locks and distributed transactions in Node.js?

**How to implement distributed locks and distributed transactions in Node.js?**

*考察点:分布式系统设计。*
#5 高级 NODEJS

如何优化Node.js应用的启动时间和内存占用?

How to optimize startup time and memory usage of Node.js applications?

**How to optimize startup time and memory usage of Node.js applications?**

*考察点:深度性能优化。*
#6 高级 NODEJS

Node.js应用的安全防护策略有哪些?

What are the security protection strategies for Node.js applications?

**What are the security protection strategies for Node.js applications?**

*考察点:安全防护体系。*
#7 高级 NODEJS

如何实现Node.js应用的热更新和零停机部署?

How to implement hot reloading and zero-downtime deployment for Node.js applications?

**How to implement hot reloading and zero-downtime deployment for Node.js applications?**

*考察点:部署策略设计。*
#8 高级 NODEJS

Node.js中如何处理大规模数据处理和流式计算?

How to handle large-scale data processing and stream computing in Node.js?

**How to handle large-scale data processing and stream computing in Node.js?**

*考察点:大数据处理能力。*
#9 高级 NODEJS

如何设计Node.js应用的API网关和服务治理?

How to design API gateway and service governance for Node.js applications?

**How to design API gateway and service governance for Node.js applications?**

*考察点:服务治理设计。*
#10 高级 NODEJS

Node.js在Serverless架构中的应用和优化策略?

What are the applications and optimization strategies of Node.js in Serverless architecture?

**What are the applications and optimization strategies of Node.js in Serverless architecture?**

*考察点:Serverless架构设计。*
#1 初级 PHP

PHP语言的基础语法和特性有哪些?与其他编程语言相比有什么特点?

What are the basic syntax and features of PHP? What characteristics does it have compared to other programming languages?

**What are the basic syntax and features of PHP? What characteristics does it have compared to other programming languages?**

*考察点:PHP语言基础语法和特性。*
#2 初级 PHP

PHP中的数据类型有哪些?变量作用域的规则是什么?

What are the data types in PHP? What are the rules for variable scope?

**What are the data types in PHP? What are the rules for variable scope?**

*考察点:数据类型和变量作用域。*
#3 初级 PHP

PHP面向对象编程的基本概念是什么?类和对象如何定义和使用?

What are the basic concepts of object-oriented programming in PHP? How to define and use classes and objects?

**What are the basic concepts of object-oriented programming in PHP? How to define and use classes and objects?**

*考察点:面向对象编程基础。*
#4 初级 PHP

PHP中数组的操作方法有哪些?字符串处理的常用函数是什么?

What are the array operation methods in PHP? What are the commonly used functions for string processing?

**What are the array operation methods in PHP? What are the commonly used functions for string processing?**

*考察点:数组操作和字符串处理。*
#5 初级 PHP

如何在PHP中进行文件系统操作?文件读写和目录操作的方法?

How to perform file system operations in PHP? Methods for file reading/writing and directory operations?

**How to perform file system operations in PHP? Methods for file reading/writing and directory operations?**

*考察点:文件系统操作。*
#6 初级 PHP

PHP中的错误处理机制是什么?异常处理如何实现?

What is the error handling mechanism in PHP? How to implement exception handling?

**What is the error handling mechanism in PHP? How to implement exception handling?**

*考察点:错误处理和异常机制。*
#7 初级 PHP

PHP中如何包含其他文件?命名空间的作用和使用方法?

How to include other files in PHP? What is the role and usage of namespaces?

**How to include other files in PHP? What is the role and usage of namespaces?**

*考察点:包含文件和命名空间。*
#8 初级 PHP

PHP有哪些常用的内置函数?扩展模块的加载和使用方式?

What are the commonly used built-in functions in PHP? How to load and use extension modules?

**What are the commonly used built-in functions in PHP? How to load and use extension modules?**

*考察点:常用内置函数和扩展。*
#1 中级 PHP

PHP面向对象的高级特性有哪些?继承、多态、接口的实现和应用?

What are the advanced features of object-oriented PHP? Implementation and application of inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces?

**What are the advanced features of object-oriented PHP? Implementation and application of inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces?**

*考察点:面向对象高级特性。*
#2 中级 PHP

Composer包管理器的作用是什么?如何使用Composer管理PHP项目依赖?

What is the role of Composer package manager? How to use Composer to manage PHP project dependencies?

**What is the role of Composer package manager? How to use Composer to manage PHP project dependencies?**

*考察点:Composer包管理器使用。*
#3 中级 PHP

什么是PSR规范?PHP代码标准和最佳实践有哪些?

What are PSR standards? What are the PHP code standards and best practices?

**What are PSR standards? What are the PHP code standards and best practices?**

*考察点:PSR规范和代码标准。*
#4 中级 PHP

PHP中的数据库抽象层是什么?PDO的使用方法和优势?

What is the database abstraction layer in PHP? Usage methods and advantages of PDO?

**What is the database abstraction layer in PHP? Usage methods and advantages of PDO?**

*考察点:数据库抽象层和PDO。*
#5 中级 PHP

常见的设计模式在PHP中如何应用?单例、工厂、观察者模式的实现?

How to apply common design patterns in PHP? Implementation of singleton, factory, and observer patterns?

**How to apply common design patterns in PHP? Implementation of singleton, factory, and observer patterns?**

*考察点:设计模式在PHP中的应用。*
#6 中级 PHP

PHP的内存管理机制是什么?性能优化的策略和方法?

What is PHP's memory management mechanism? Strategies and methods for performance optimization?

**What is PHP's memory management mechanism? Strategies and methods for performance optimization?**

*考察点:内存管理和性能优化。*
#7 中级 PHP

PHP单元测试如何实现?PHPUnit的使用方法和测试策略?

How to implement unit testing in PHP? Usage methods and testing strategies of PHPUnit?

**How to implement unit testing in PHP? Usage methods and testing strategies of PHPUnit?**

*考察点:单元测试和PHPUnit。*
#8 中级 PHP

PHP的自动加载机制是什么?spl_autoload和Composer autoload的原理?

What is PHP's autoloading mechanism? Principles of spl_autoload and Composer autoload?

**What is PHP's autoloading mechanism? Principles of spl_autoload and Composer autoload?**

*考察点:自动加载机制。*
#1 高级 PHP

PHP内核的工作原理是什么?Zend引擎的执行机制和生命周期?

What is the working principle of PHP kernel? Execution mechanism and lifecycle of Zend Engine?

**What is the working principle of PHP kernel? Execution mechanism and lifecycle of Zend Engine?**

*考察点:PHP内核机制和Zend引擎。*
#2 高级 PHP

如何开发PHP扩展?C语言与PHP的集成开发方法?

How to develop PHP extensions? Integration development methods between C language and PHP?

**How to develop PHP extensions? Integration development methods between C language and PHP?**

*考察点:扩展开发和C语言集成。*
#3 高级 PHP

高级设计模式在大型PHP项目中的应用?架构设计原则和模式?

**Application of advanced design patterns in large PHP projects? Architectural design principles and patterns?**

*考察点:高级设计模式和架构设计。*
#4 高级 PHP

PHP中如何处理并发和异步编程?Swoole和ReactPHP的应用场景?

How to handle concurrency and asynchronous programming in PHP? Application scenarios of Swoole and ReactPHP?

**How to handle concurrency and asynchronous programming in PHP? Application scenarios of Swoole and ReactPHP?**

*考察点:并发处理和异步编程。*
#5 高级 PHP

PHP代码质量如何保证?静态分析工具和代码审查的方法?

How to ensure PHP code quality? Methods for static analysis tools and code review?

**How to ensure PHP code quality? Methods for static analysis tools and code review?**

*考察点:代码质量和静态分析工具。*
#6 高级 PHP

PHP应用的性能分析如何进行?调优策略和监控方法?

How to perform performance analysis of PHP applications? Tuning strategies and monitoring methods?

**How to perform performance analysis of PHP applications? Tuning strategies and monitoring methods?**

*考察点:性能分析和调优策略。*
#7 高级 PHP

企业级PHP应用的架构如何设计?微服务和分布式系统的实现?

How to design architecture for enterprise-level PHP applications? Implementation of microservices and distributed systems?

**How to design architecture for enterprise-level PHP applications? Implementation of microservices and distributed systems?**

*考察点:企业级应用架构设计。*
#8 高级 PHP

现代PHP生态系统的发展趋势是什么?PHP 8+ 的新特性和未来发展方向?

What are the development trends of modern PHP ecosystem? New features of PHP 8+ and future development directions?

**What are the development trends of modern PHP ecosystem? New features of PHP 8+ and future development directions?**

*考察点:现代PHP生态系统和发展趋势。*
#1 初级 PYTHON

Python函数默认参数为什么不建议使用可变类型?

Why is it not recommended to use mutable types as default arguments in Python?

**Why is it not recommended to use mutable types as default arguments in Python?**

*考察点:可变类型默认参数陷阱。*
#2 初级 PYTHON

浅拷贝和深拷贝有什么区别?

What's the difference between shallow copy and deep copy?

**What's the difference between shallow copy and deep copy?**

*考察点:引用传递、浅拷贝、深拷贝。*
#3 初级 PYTHON

列表推导式和生成器表达式有什么区别?

What's the difference between list comprehension and generator expression?

**What's the difference between list comprehension and generator expression?**

*考察点:内存效率、惰性求值。*
#4 初级 PYTHON

闭包中的late binding是什么问题?

What is the late binding issue in closures?

**What is the late binding issue in closures?**

*考察点:闭包、作用域、late binding。*
#5 初级 PYTHON

如何实现一个带参数的装饰器来记录函数执行时间?

How to implement a decorator with arguments that records function execution time?

**How to implement a decorator with arguments that records function execution time?**

*考察点:装饰器原理、高阶函数。*
#6 初级 PYTHON

Django的MTV架构模式是什么?与传统MVC有什么区别?

What is Django's MTV architecture? How is it different from traditional MVC?

**What is Django's MTV architecture? How is it different from traditional MVC?**

*考察点:Django架构理解、框架设计模式。*
#7 初级 PYTHON

Django中URL路由的匹配顺序是怎样的?

How does Django match URL patterns?

**How does Django match URL patterns?**

*考察点:URL路由匹配规则。*
#8 初级 PYTHON

Django ORM中的N+1查询问题是什么?

What is the N+1 query problem in Django ORM?

**What is the N+1 query problem in Django ORM?**

*考察点:N+1查询问题。*
#9 初级 PYTHON

Django模板中如何防止XSS攻击?

How does Django prevent XSS attacks in templates?

**How does Django prevent XSS attacks in templates?**

*考察点:XSS防护、模板自动转义。*
#10 初级 PYTHON

Django中静态文件和媒体文件有什么区别?

What's the difference between static files and media files in Django?

**What's the difference between static files and media files in Django?**

*考察点:静态资源管理、部署配置。*
#11 初级 PYTHON

Django的CSRF保护机制是如何工作的?

How does Django's CSRF protection work?

**How does Django's CSRF protection work?**

*考察点:CSRF攻击防护。*
#12 初级 PYTHON

Django Form和ModelForm有什么区别?

What's the difference between Form and ModelForm?

**What's the difference between Form and ModelForm?**

*考察点:表单系统、代码复用。*
#13 初级 PYTHON

如何自定义Django Admin列表显示?

How to customize Django Admin list display?

**How to customize Django Admin list display?**

*考察点:Admin自定义。*
#14 初级 PYTHON

makemigrations和migrate有什么区别?

What's the difference between makemigrations and migrate?

**What's the difference between makemigrations and migrate?**

*考察点:数据库迁移管理。*
#15 初级 PYTHON

Python虚拟环境解决了什么问题?

What problem does Python virtual environment solve?

**What problem does Python virtual environment solve?**

*考察点:依赖管理、环境隔离。*
#1 中级 PYTHON

什么是生成器?与普通函数有什么区别?

What are generators? How are they different from regular functions?

**What are generators? How are they different from regular functions?**

*考察点:生成器原理、惰性求值。*
#2 中级 PYTHON

如何实现一个上下文管理器?

How to implement a context manager?

**How to implement a context manager?**

*考察点:资源管理、异常处理。*
#3 中级 PYTHON

Python中*args和

What are the unpacking rules for *args and kwargs in Python?

**What are the unpacking rules for *args and **kwargs in Python?**

*考察点:参数传递、参数解包。*
#4 中级 PYTHON

Django QuerySet的惰性求值是什么?

What is lazy evaluation in Django QuerySet?

**What is lazy evaluation in Django QuerySet?**

*考察点:QuerySet惰性求值。*
#5 中级 PYTHON

select_related和prefetch_related有什么区别?

What's the difference between select_related and prefetch_related?

**What's the difference between select_related and prefetch_related?**

*考察点:JOIN查询优化。*
#6 中级 PYTHON

Django模型中related_name的作用是什么?

What is the purpose of related_name in Django models?

**What is the purpose of related_name in Django models?**

*考察点:反向关系、related_name。*
#7 中级 PYTHON

如何使用only()和defer()优化Django查询?

How to optimize Django queries using only() and defer()?

**How to optimize Django queries using only() and defer()?**

*考察点:字段级查询优化。*
#8 中级 PYTHON

Django CBV中as_view()方法做了什么?

What does as_view() do in Django CBV?

**What does as_view() do in Django CBV?**

*考察点:CBV原理、方法解析顺序。*
#9 中级 PYTHON

JsonResponse和HttpResponse有什么区别?

What's the difference between JsonResponse and HttpResponse?

**What's the difference between JsonResponse and HttpResponse?**

*考察点:HTTP响应类型、Content-Type。*
#10 中级 PYTHON

Django信号机制的工作原理是什么?

How does Django's signal mechanism work?

**How does Django's signal mechanism work?**

*考察点:信号机制、事务处理。*
#11 中级 PYTHON

Django中间件的执行流程是怎样的?

How does Django middleware execution flow work?

**How does Django middleware execution flow work?**

*考察点:中间件生命周期、洋葱模型。*
#12 中级 PYTHON

如何实现一个JWT认证中间件?

How to implement a JWT authentication middleware?

**How to implement a JWT authentication middleware?**

*考察点:认证机制、JWT原理。*
#13 中级 PYTHON

如何实现基于对象的权限控制?

How to implement object-level permissions?

**How to implement object-level permissions?**

*考察点:权限系统、对象级权限。*
#14 中级 PYTHON

Django Session的存储后端有哪些?各有什么特点?

What are the Django session storage backends? What are their characteristics?

**What are the Django session storage backends? What are their characteristics?**

*考察点:Session存储策略。*
#15 中级 PYTHON

Python的GIL是什么?对并发有什么影响?

What is Python's GIL? How does it affect concurrency?

**What is Python's GIL? How does it affect concurrency?**

*考察点:GIL理解、并发vs并行。*
#1 高级 PYTHON

DRF嵌套序列化器有什么性能问题?

What are the performance issues with nested serializers in DRF?

**What are the performance issues with nested serializers in DRF?**

*考察点:DRF性能优化、嵌套序列化。*
#2 高级 PYTHON

如何实现writable nested serializer?

How to implement writable nested serializers in DRF?

**How to implement writable nested serializers in DRF?**

*考察点:嵌套写入、事务管理。*
#3 高级 PYTHON

如何实现多租户权限控制?

How to implement multi-tenant permissions in DRF?

**How to implement multi-tenant permissions in DRF?**

*考察点:多租户架构、数据隔离。*
#4 高级 PYTHON

如何实现API限流?

How to implement API throttling in DRF?

**How to implement API throttling in DRF?**

*考察点:限流算法、API保护。*
#5 高级 PYTHON

如何优化Django的复杂查询?

How to optimize complex Django queries?

**How to optimize complex Django queries?**

*考察点:复杂查询优化、聚合查询。*
#6 高级 PYTHON

如何防止缓存穿透、缓存雪崩、缓存击穿?

How to prevent cache penetration, cache avalanche, and cache breakdown?

**How to prevent cache penetration, cache avalanche, and cache breakdown?**

*考察点:缓存架构、高可用设计。*
#7 高级 PYTHON

Celery的工作原理是什么?

How does Celery work?

**How does Celery work?**

*考察点:异步任务架构、消息队列。*
#8 高级 PYTHON

如何设计数据库读写分离?

How to design database read/write splitting in Django?

**How to design database read/write splitting in Django?**

*考察点:数据库架构、主从复制。*
#9 高级 PYTHON

如何设计RESTful API的版本管理?

How to design RESTful API versioning?

**How to design RESTful API versioning?**

*考察点:API设计、版本管理。*
#10 高级 PYTHON

如何实现分布式事务?

How to implement distributed transactions?

**How to implement distributed transactions?**

*考察点:分布式系统、事务一致性。*
#11 高级 PYTHON

Django应用常见的安全隐患有哪些?

What are common security vulnerabilities in Django applications?

**What are common security vulnerabilities in Django applications?**

*考察点:Web安全、漏洞防护。*
#12 高级 PYTHON

如何管理Django的配置?

How to manage Django configuration following 12-Factor App principles?

**How to manage Django configuration following 12-Factor App principles?**

*考察点:配置管理、环境隔离。*
#13 高级 PYTHON

如何容器化Django应用?

How to containerize Django applications?

**How to containerize Django applications?**

*考察点:容器化、Docker最佳实践。*
#14 高级 PYTHON

如何实现Django应用的可观测性?

How to implement observability for Django applications?

**How to implement observability for Django applications?**

*考察点:可观测性、日志系统、监控告警。*
#15 高级 PYTHON

如何设计Django应用的高可用架构?

How to design high availability architecture for Django applications?

**How to design high availability architecture for Django applications?**

*考察点:高可用架构、故障恢复、弹性设计。*